Globalization and Health | Abstract | 1744-8603-3-6 | Globalization and social determinants of health: The role of the global marketplace (part 2 of 3)

Globalization and Health | Abstract | 1744-8603-3-6 | Globalization and social determinants of health: The role of the global marketplace (part 2 of 3)
Globalization and social determinants of health: Promoting health equity in global governance (part 3 of 3)

Ronald Labonte, Ted Schrecker
Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Canada
Globalization and Health 2007, 3:7 (19 June 2007)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
"....This article is the third in a three-part review of research on globalization and the social determinants of health (SDH). In the first article of the series, we identified and defended an economically oriented definition of globalization and addressed a number of important conceptual and metholodogical issues. In the second article, we identified and described seven key clusters of pathways relevant to globalization's influence on SDH.

This discussion provided the basis for the premise from which we begin this article: interventions to reduce health inequities by way of SDH are inextricably linked with social protection, economic management and development strategy.

Reflecting this insight, and against the background of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), we focus on the asymmetrical distribution of gains, losses and power that is characteristic of globalization in its current form and identify a number of areas for innovation on the part of the international community: making more resources available for health systems, as part of the more general task of expanding and improving development assistance; expanding debt relief and taking poverty reduction more seriously; reforming the international trade regime; considering the implications of health as a human right; and protecting the policy space available to national governments to address social determinants of health, notably with respect to the hypermobility of financial capital. We conclude by suggesting that responses to globalization's effects on social determinants of health can be classified with reference to two contrasting visions of the future, reflecting quite distinct values...."

Globalization and social determinants of health: The role of the global marketplace (part 2 of 3)
Ronald Labonte, Ted Schrecker
Globalization and Health 2007, 3:6 (19 June 2007)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]

Globalization and social determinants of health: Introduction and methodological background (part 1 of 3)
Ronald Labonte, Ted Schrecker
Globalization and Health 2007, 3:5 (19 June 2007)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]

State of world population 2007 - Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth

Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)
Enviada em: quinta-feira, 28 de junho de 2007 12:23
State of world population 2007 - Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth

United Nations Population Fund - UNFPA, June 2007 "....In 2008, the world reaches an invisible but momentous milestone: For the first time in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas. By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost 5 billion. Many of the new urbanites will be poor. Their future, the future of cities in developing countries, the future of humanity itself, all depend very much on decisions made now in preparation for this growth.
While the world’s urban population grew very rapidly (from 220 million to 2.8 billion) over the 20th century, the next few decades will see an unprecedented scale of urban growth in the developing world. This will be particularly notable in Africa and Asia where the urban population will double between 2000 and 2030: That is, the accumulated urban growth of these two regions during the whole span of history will be duplicated in a single generation. By 2030, the towns and cities of the developing world will make up 81 per cent of urban humanity.

Urbanization—the increase in the urban share of total population—is inevitable, but it can also be positive. The current concentration of poverty, slum growth and social disruption in cities does paint a threatening picture: Yet no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization. Cities concentrate poverty, but they also represent the best hope of escaping it....'

"..The Report tries to grasp the implications of the imminent doubling of the developing world’s urban population and discusses what needs to be done to prepare for this massive increase. It looks more closely at the demographic processes underlying urban growth in developing areas and their policy implications. It specifically examines the consequences of the urban transition for poverty reduction and sustainability. ..."

Custo da violência no Brasil 2004

Ipea
O custo da violência no Brasil(19/06/2007 - 12:44)


Os autores Daniel Cerqueira, Alexandre Carvalho, Waldir Lobão e Rute Rodrigues estimam que, em 2004, o custo da violência no Brasil foi de R$ 92,2 bilhões, o que representou 5,09% do PIB, ou um valor per capita de R$ 519,40. Deste total, R$ 28,7 bilhões corresponderam a despesas efetuadas pelo setor público e R$ 60,3 bilhões foram associados aos custos tangíveis e intangíveis arcados pelo setor privado.

Entre os elementos de custo calculados, apontados na tabela abaixo, foram consideradas as despesas públicas com segurança, com sistema prisional e com o sistema de saúde. Nos custos incorridos pelo setor privado, foram estimados: a perda de capital humano decorrente de mortes violentas, as despesas com o setor formal e informal de segurança privada, os dispêndios com seguros e o valor dos bens roubados e furtados.

Outra estimativa inédita diz respeito aos 24 milhões de ocorrências criminais no Brasil, das quais apenas 28% chegam ao conhecimento da justiça, dando indicações de que a impunidade é quase uma regra.

Leia a íntegra do TD 1284 - Análise dos custos e conseqüências da violência no Brasil
http://www.ipea.gov.br/sites/000/2/publicacoes/tds/td_1284.pdf

Escalas do Universo: Nikon

Amiga me enviou e vale a pena visitar o endereço da Nikon
De: Anne [mailto:anneschne@gmail.com]
Enviada em: quinta-feira, 21 de junho de 2007 19:02
Sugiro que todos naveguem no conteúdo do endereço abaixo. Trata-se de uma viagem com excelente qualidade visual através das escalas do Universo, pela Nikon.
Ao entrar no site há uma abertura inicial e logo a janela migra para os confins do Universo começando uma viagem regressiva até o fempto-cósmos.
Ao clicar nas janelas com conteúdo escrito estas desaparecem e deixam à mostra um pictograma de objetos da escala em vista. A Régua permite uma aceleração da viagem.
http://www.nikon.co.jp/main/eng/feelnikon/discovery/universcale/index_f.htm

UNESCO Cultural Heritage List

Home: UNESCO Culture Sector: "World Heritage


Once a year, the World Heritage Committee meets to decide on additions to the World Heritage List, which includes the most outstanding cultural and natural sites around the globe. Inscription on this List is just the first step towards safeguarding these sites: management and preservation are ongoing processes, involving local communities as well as national authorities. So far, 183 countries have demonstrated their commitment to protecting our shared heritage by ratifying the World Heritage Convention.

Open letter to the leaders of academic medicine

We are not sure who you are. Unsubstantiated rumours suggest that you may not exist at all. We wonder where academic medicine is getting its lead from. Is it some of the many serious scientists, clinicians,
and educators? Is it people with illnesses, those who wish to remain healthy, or society at large? Is it political leaders of uncompromising principles and vision? Is it selfless benefactors and visionary entrepreneurs? Or is it self interested compromisers
carrying embellished titles acquired through anything but merit? Maybe it’s corporate industry escorting academic
medicine to the dance tonight?
You might ask who we are. We are participants in the International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine, a group of mostly young academics from around the world who feel that academic medicine needs reinvention (box). We have gathered evidence systematically, consulted and debated globally, and given thought to how the future might look. Here is what we think.

Global Pharma Market Predicted to More Than Double In Value to $1.3 Trillion by 2020: Industry Must Transform to Capitalise On Opportunities

Global Pharma Market Predicted to More Than Double In Value to $1.3 Trillion by 2020: Industry Must Transform to Capitalise On Opportunities Print-friendly version
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London, 13 June 2007 - The global pharmaceutical market will more than double in value to $1.3 trillion by 2020, according to a new report on the future of the pharmaceutical industry released today by PricewaterhouseCoopers. The increase is driven by soaring worldwide demand for medicines and preventative treatments as the population grows, ages, becomes more obese and more prosperous.

By 2020 the E7 countries - Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey - could account for as much as one fifth of global pharmaceutical sales. Further, the chronic conditions in the developing world will increasingly resemble those of the developed world. But PricewaterhouseCoopers report indicates that the current pharmaceutical industry business model is both economically unsustainable and operationally incapable of acting quickly enough to produce the types of innovative treatments demanded by global markets. In order to make the most of these future growth opportunities, the industry must fundamentally change the way it operates.

PricewaterhouseCoopers report, entitled Pharma 2020: The Vision - Which Path Will You Take?, contends that despite unprecedented global demand for its product, the pharmaceutical industry is at a pivotal point in harnessing its ability to capitalise on these opportunities. Pharmaceutical companies are facing a dearth of new compounds in the pipeline, poor financial performance¹, rising sales and marketing expenditures, increased legal and regulatory constraints and challenges, and tarnished reputations. At the same time health care payers and providers everywhere have recognised that current health care expenditure levels are also unsustainable unless they deliver more demonstrable care and cost benefit over the long term.

Botanicus.org: About Botanicus - Digital Library from the Missouri Botanical Garden

Botanicus.org: About Botanicus - Digital Library from the Missouri Botanical Garden: "The project undertakes four aims:
Develop a model for digitized scientific literature: a universal data structure and metadata schema that will define how scientific disciplines, museums, or individual scientists use and configure available digitized literature on their subjects to initiate or support a research project;
Program and test an extensible reference system based on the scientific literature model and universally applicable to all areas of natural history;
Capture a robust, targeted subset of systematic botanical literature as images and associated defining metadata for those references, and employ automated OCR and XML markup protocols to convert the image to text and embed links to external data sets;
Provide a Web Portal to the scientific literature system that will facilitate research and intensify the vital work on science-based conservation of the world's biological diversity through an interactive, intelligent interface to systematic botanical literature. "

International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care 2007

International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care 2007: "Welcome to the webcast of the International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care, April 18th, 19th & 20th 2007. This site allows you to watch the plenary sessions live as they happen or on demand after the event. Panel discussions based on each plenary will also be available to watch on demand. All sessions will be provided in English and Spanish. We would like to thank the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement and the Health Foundation for their support of the event.
To view the webcast video, Internet Explorer 5+ and Windows Media Player 7+ is required. You can test your system by clicking on the link below:
You will need Windows Media Player 7+ to view the live streams. If you are unable to view the live stream, an on-demand version in both Windows Media Player 7+ and Flash Player 8+ will be made available after each event."

Biblioteca Virtual sobre Corrupção:

Biblioteca Virtual sobre Corrupção: Página inicial:A Biblioteca Virtual sobre Corrupção (BVC) é um projeto da Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) em parceria com o Escritório das Nações Unidas contra Drogas e Crime (Unodc). Trata-se de um instrumento de livre acesso, cujo objetivo é promover a pesquisa e a divulgação de informações sobre corrupção e áreas afins. Nosso acervo é atualizado diariamente.


No Endereço da Controladoria Geral da União encontram-se vários recursos relacionados com controle da corrupção, inclusive endereço para denúncias.

CPMF: 33 BI desviados da saúde/dez anos

Martha Beck



BRASÍLIA. Criada para ajudar a financiar a Saúde no país, a CPMF acabou se tornando mais uma fonte de recursos do governo para o pagamento de juros da dívida pública. Nos últimos dez anos, nada menos que R$ 33,5 bilhões da arrecadação da contribuição deixaram de ser aplicados em políticas sociais e ficaram no caixa do Tesouro para, entre outras coisas, fazer superávit primário, ou seja, economia para pagar juros. Segundo levantamento do Sindicato Nacional dos Auditores da Receita Federal (Unafisco), esse montante equivale a 18% do total da arrecadação da CPMF no período, de R$ 185,9 bilhões.

Os recursos deveriam estar chegando à Saúde e também à Previdência Social e ao Fundo de Combate à Pobreza (que entraram na partilha da CPMF posteriormente), mas essas áreas têm sido obrigadas a dividir espaço com o esforço fiscal da equipe econômica.

Segundo o estudo do Unafisco, na última década, 45,02% da arrecadação da contribuição chegaram à Saúde, 20,18%, à Previdência e 16,8%, ao Fundo de Combate à Pobreza.

— Além de ser um tributo injusto, que incide em cascata, o estudo mostra que a CPMF não está servindo ao seu propósito inicial — afirma a diretora de Estudos Técnicos do Unafisco, Clair Hickmann.

O levantamento destaca que o desvio dos recursos da CPMF ocorre devido à Desvinculação de Receitas da União (DRU). /.../

Google Maps

Google Maps
Este endereço é muito útil, basta colocar um endereço desejado e se obtém o mapa que se deseja.

Make Google Maps your maps.
Create and share personalized, annotated maps of your world.
Mark your favorite places on your map.
Draw lines and shapes to highlight paths and areas.
Add your own text, photos, and videos.
Publish your map to the web.
Share your map with friends and family.

Pandemic Flu leadership blog

Welcome
On June 13, Michael O. Leavitt, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, convened a leadership forum on pandemic preparedness, which brought together highly influential leaders from the business, faith, civic and health care sectors to discuss how best to help Americans become more prepared for a possible influenza pandemic. The Department is hosting this five-week blog to expand the conversation as part of an ongoing effort by the Department to help Americans become more prepared.

Publish and Sell Worldwide

Esta não é uma propaganda encomendada. Eu acredito que seja uma forma mais dinâmica e atualizada, compatível com a era da INTERNET.
This is not an advertising. I believe this may be a more dynamic and updated for of publishing, compatible with the INTERNET era.
Lulu is fast, easy and free Publish and sell easily within minutes.
No set-up fees. No minimum order. Keep control of the rights. Set your own price.
Each product is printed as it is ordered.
No excess inventory.

First patent claimed on man-made life form, and challenged

First patent claimed on man-made life form, and challenged: "First patent claimed on man-made life form, and challenged
June 7, 2007
Special to World Science
A research institute has applied for a pat­ent on what could be the first largely ar­ti­fi­cial or­gan­ism. And peo­ple should be al­armed, claims an ad­vo­ca­cy group that is try­ing to shoot down the bid.

The idea of own­ing a spe­cies breaches “a so­ci­e­tal bound­ary,” said Pat Mooney of the Ot­ta­wa, Canada-based ETC Group, which is asking the pat­ent ap­pli­cants to drop their claim. Creat­ing and own­ing an or­gan­ism, he added, means that “for the first time, God has com­pe­ti­tion.”"/.../

Understanding Poverty - Wretched of the Earth

De: Equity, Health & Human Development [mailto:EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG]
Em nome de Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)Enviada em: quinta-feira, 7 de junho de 2007 10:00
Para: EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG
Assunto: [EQ] Understanding Poverty - Wretched of the Earth
Wretched of the Earth

By Nicholas D. Kristof - The New York Review of Books - Volume 54, Number 9 · May 31, 2007

Poor People - by William T. Vollmann - Ecco, 450 pp.

Understanding Poverty edited by Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee - Roland 443 pp.

Available online at: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20230

“…….No interview haunts me more than a conversation with a Cambodian peasant, Nhem Yen, in 1996. She was forty years old, though she looked much older, and was living with her family in a clearing in the Cambodian jungle. The area was notorious for malaria, but the family members were ambitious and industrious and figured that it was worth the risk to make more money by cutting wood for sale.

Nhem Yen's eldest daughter, who was twenty-four and pregnant with her second child, promptly caught malaria. There was no money to get medical treatment (effective drugs would have cost less than $10), and so she died a day after giving birth. That left Nhem Yen looking after five children of her own and two grandchildren.

The family had one mosquito net that could accommodate about three people. Such nets are quite effective against malaria, but they cost $5—and Nhem Yen could not afford to buy any more. So every night, she agonized over which of the children to put under the net and which to leave out…..”
“……Perhaps books like Vollmann's may at least remind us of the poor, removing them for a moment from invisibility, and help replace our current resignation with policies that would make a considerable difference. ……”

The Economic Lives of the Poor
Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, Professors of Economics and Directors of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.October 2006PDF [42p,] at: http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/download_pdf.php?id=1346

“…This paper uses survey data from 13 countries to document the economic lives of the poor (those living on less than $2 dollar per day per capita at purchasing power parity ) or the extremely poor (those living on less than $1 dollar per day). We describe their patterns of consumption and income generation as well as their access to markets and publicly provided infrastructure. The paper concludes with a discussion of some apparent anomalous choices….”

Public Expenditure in Latin America: Trends and Key Policy Issues

De: Equity, Health & Human Development [mailto:EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG]
Em nome de Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)Enviada em: quinta-feira, 7 de junho de 2007 10:01
Para: EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG
Assunto: [EQ] Public Expenditure in Latin America: Trends and Key Policy Issues
Public Expenditure in Latin America: Trends and Key Policy Issues

Benedict Clements, Christopher Faircloth, and Marijn Verhoeven
International Monetary Fund - IMF’s Fiscal Affairs and Western Hemisphere Departments, 2007

Available online as PDF file [36p.] at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp0721.pdf

“…….This paper examines trends in government spending in Latin America from the mid-1990s to 2006. It also examines key policy issues, including the cyclicality of spending, public investment, public employment, and social expenditures. It finds that primary expenditures have trended upward for the past ten years as a share of GDP, driven by increases in current spending, in particular for social expenditures.

Fluctuations in real spending have continued to follow a procyclical pattern. The paper finds that there is substantial scope to improve the efficiency of public investment, public employment, and social spending….”

Content
I. Introduction
II. Trends in Public Spending
A. Overview of Aggregate Fiscal Trends
B. Trends in Government Expenditure
III. Key Expenditure Policy Issues
A. The Cyclicality of Government Spending
B. Public Investment
C. Public Sector Employment
D. Social Spending
IV. Summary and Policy Implications
Appendices
I. Econometric Methodology Used to Assess the Cyclicality of Spending
II. The Efficiency of Public Investment in Latin America
References

Patrick Dixon analisa o futuro em seis faces

Ontem assisti com Dra. Valderês mais uma conferência da série Fronteiras do Pensamento. Foi o médico inglês Patrick Dixon sobre "Previsão dos tempos: Patrick Dixon analisa o futuro em seis faces"
Vale a pena acessar seu endereço e tomar contato com suas idéias: http://www.globalchange.com/
As seis faces: Fast, Urban, Tribal, Universal, Radical and Ethical,

Presidente da Global Change – empresa de consultoria internacional –, autor 12 obras publicadas em 21 línguas e palestrante em 47 países, o doutor Patrick Dixon é, além de tudo, um futurista multimídia. Palestrante do décimo primeiro encontro do curso de altos estudos Fronteiras do Pensamento, o empresário viaja, em média, a cinco países por semana, para mostrar sua posição quanto à globalização e os conseqüentes impactos em conferências que já alcançaram três mil pessoas numa mesma noite. Instabilidade econômica, tecnologia, virtualidade, biotecnologia, ciência, medicina, serviços financeiros, tribalismo e ética global são alguns dos tópicos citados por Dixon, que sempre incentiva a necessidade de mudança e a percepção da tridimensionalidade do tempo para que possamos perceber o mundo como ele nos impõe a realidade: de forma global.

Warning on diabetes drug could be a replay of Vioxx

AMNews: June 11, 2007. Warning on diabetes drug could be a replay of Vioxx ... American Medical News
Warning on diabetes drug could be a replay of Vioxx
Congress is urged to take steps to help avoid future drug safety issues as it moves toward passage of an FDA bill.
By Susan J. Landers, AMNews staff. June 11, 2007.
Washington -- A New England Journal of Medicine article prompted the Food and Drug Administration to issue a safety alert for Avandia, or rosiglitazone, a drug used by several million patients to treat type 2 diabetes. Safety data from clinical trials indicated that the drug poses a possible increase in the risk of heart attacks, according to the article, which was published online May 21.
Not only did the article prompt the need for physicians to look more closely at who is prescribed the drug, but it also raised alarms anew over the FDA's ability to carry out effectively its role as safety monitor for the nation's drug supply.
The warning was posted by Steven Nissen, MD, chair of the Cleveland Clinic's Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, who analyzed 42 trials of rosiglitazone, which was approved by the FDA in 1999. Dr. Nissen and Cleveland Clinic statistician Kathy Wolski, MPH, found that the use of the drug was associated with an increased risk of heart attack and cardiovascular death -- by 43% and 64% respectively -- compared with placebo.
The findings represent a particular health concern, Dr. Nissen said, because more than 65% of deaths in diabetic patients are attributed to heart disease.[...]

Copyright 2007 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
RELATED CONTENT You may also be interested in: Drugs have risks, but so does life, study notes May 28 Shoring up the drug safety system Editorial Feb. 26 FDA responds to drug safety blueprint Feb. 26 Institute of Medicine report urges major changes at Food and Drug Administration Oct. 16, 2006

Primer to Action: Social Determinants of Health

"Primer to Action: Social Determinants of Health," a guide to community health planning, was published in March 2007 by the Ontario Prevention Clearinghouse, the Ontario Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance, and the Canadian Cancer Society – Ontario Division.This primer discusses six social factors affecting health: adequate income, education, employment, housing, food and inclusion. In each area, it points to useful resources and suggests what you can do about that health-related factor in your community. The primer can be used to plan strategies for chronic disease prevention and future health promotion.The report is available in PDF format at www.ocdpa.on.ca.

Environment & Breast Cancer

Five-fold variation in breast cancer incidence rates across the globe tells us that living in developed areas increases risk

Families and friends of women touched by breast cancer are calling for increased attention to research into the environmental causes - any factors that are not hereditary. The goal is to find causes of breast cancer that can be reduced or eliminated to prevent the disease.

To build an evidence-based strategy for preventing breast cancer, Susan G. Komen for the Cure invited Silent Spring Institute and their partners at Harvard University, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and the University of Southern California to assess the scientific evidence on environmental causes. In the first year, the team reviewed areas of emerging research that promise to reveal new opportunities for risk reduction:
environmental pollutants
dietary factors
body size and shape
physical activity
interactions of these factors with inherited genes
The links below provide access to
databases developed from published scientific research
review articles recently published in the journal CANCER.
The databases include bibliographic information, key methods and findings, and critical assessments of the strength of the evidence:
reviews of approximately 450 articles reporting on human breast cancer studies
information on 216 chemicals identified as mammary carcinogens in animal studies
This information guides future research and decision-making that is grounded in the strength of current evidence.

Results demonstrate that much more work needs to be done. The overwhelming majority of chemicals identified as animal mammary carcinogens or hormone disrupting compounds have never been included in a study of breast cancer in women. Further, the vast majority of chemicals we are exposed to have never been tested to see if they cause cancer in an animal study.